Russia Flora: Plant up to 1 m tall. Renewal from rosettes forming at base of old stem. Stems often strongly branching, in lower part glabrous or sparsely pubescent only along raised lines, in upper part with mixed glandular and non-glandular pubescence. Middle stem leaves 3-8 cm long and 0.8-2.5 cm wide, on petioles 1-3 mm long, lanceolate, narrowly lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate, their length exceeding width 3-5 times, margins finely dentate. Calyx and ovary with mixed pubescence. Calyx 3-4 mm long, whole flower 4-6 mm long. Corolla pink or pink-lilac. Stigma narrowly clavate. Seeds 0.9-1.2(1.3) mm long, narrowly lanceolate, with small semi-transparent appendage. 2n=36 (Probatova, Sokolovskaya, 1990).  

North Sakhalin, Amgun, Ussuri, South Sakhalin, South Kurils ? In moist places, near streams, rivers, in ravines; also in various anthropogenic habitats: ditches, vegetable gardens, wastelands, etc. VII-X. ? General distribution: Japan-China. ? Described from Japan (Hokkaido Island).

Note. E. glandulosum and E. maximowiczii belong to a very polymorphic complex distributed mainly in North America and in recent times accepted by American systematists as one polymorphic species E. ciliatum Rafin. (see: Hoch, Raven, 1977. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 64, 1: 136). The polymorphism of the complex is conditioned on the one hand by its differentiation into geographical races, and on the other by the presence of numerous "microspecies" of varying degrees of morphological distinctness, maintaining constancy of characters due to self-pollination (and possibly also due to so-called "complex heterozygosity," which is known in genus Oenothera and the presence of which can also be assumed in willowherbs). Both our species taken together are accepted by American authors as E. ciliatum subsp. glandulosum (Lehm.) Hoch. et Raven (l. c.). However, despite all the complexity of the taxonomic problems of the E. ciliatum complex as a whole, and in North America in particular, there are still insufficient grounds to abandon distinguishing at least 2 species in the Russian Far East. At the same time, our E. glandulosum, judging by the nature of its variability, is probably an amphimictic species. In contrast, E. maximowiczii appears to consist of a certain number (not very large, but evidently not less than 3) of more or less constant forms (lines, microspecies). One of them (I), most distinct from E. glandulosum, is characterized by very small light pink flowers and relatively narrow leaves with greatest width almost around the middle of the blade, and predominates on the continent; very often occurs in vicinity of Vladivostok, where its constancy can be verified. In plants from Sakhalin and South Kurils (II) leaves are similar to I, but flowers are somewhat larger and have a lilac tinge. Forms I and II are evidently indigenous. There also occurs form III, with flowers like II, but with leaves abruptly broadened from base, i.e. triangular-lanceolate. These plants closely resemble the well-known in our literature adventive E. adenocaulon Hausskn. (also a microspecies from the E. ciliatum s.l. group), which, having appeared in Europe in the Baltic region at the end of the 19th century, continuously spread eastward and in the 1970s was already recorded near Lake Baikal. Since our form III was apparently collected only in recent decades, it is possible that it is also adventive and close to E. adenocaulon or even identical with it. It is not excluded that with further studies additional constant forms may be revealed. In any case, willowherbs of the E. ciliatum group deserve detailed study in our natural populations. E. cylindrostigma Kom. (Steinberg, 1949, Fl. USSR, 15: 596) was described from Northeast China. Authentic specimens could not be found, and the description is insufficiently clear. Most likely this is E. maximowiczii.