Korea Flora: Deciduous tree. Height 20m. Bark white, peeling horizontally. Branchlets purplish-brown, glabrous with resinous glands. Leaves alternate, triangular-ovate, 5-7cm × 3-5cm, gradually acute, base cuneate or subcordate. Margins with simple or double serrate teeth, lower surface with or without fine hairs, with resinous glands, brown hairs in vein axils, 6-7(8) pairs of veins. Petiole 15-20mm long. Flowers: male catkins 1 or 2, dark reddish-yellow, 3-5cm × 0.8-1cm, female catkin solitary, 5-6cm long, pendulous. Fruit and Seeds: fruiting catkins pendulous, 4cm long, cylindrical, central lobe of bracts shorter than rounded lateral lobes. Nutlet wings 1.5-2 times wider than body.

Sporophyte chromosome number 28.
Flowering period: Mid-April to early May
Fruiting period: September to mid-October
Distribution: Northern Hemisphere in Europe and Asia; North and South Hamgyong Provinces

Ecological characteristics: A typical light-demanding species that grows poorly in shade and primarily thrives in open, sunny areas. Moderate cold and drought tolerance. Pioneer species that colonizes areas disturbed by forest fires or vegetation destruction, forming early successional communities. Mainly distributed in the northern regions of North Korea.