Japan Flora: Rhizomes short-creeping, with rather thick firm roots from the nodes; stems 25-40 cm. long, 3- to 5- leaved, white-hirsute; leaves alternate, oblong-elliptic, 10-20 cm. long, 5-8 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate, shortly sheathed at base, many-nerved, plicate; flowers rose to rose-purple, rarely white, 4-6 cm. across; dorsal sepal ovate, acuminate, 4-5 cm. long, the lateral sepals wholly connate; petals narrowly ovate, acuminate, crisped-pubescent inside at base. May-
July. Grassy mountain slopes;

Hokkaido, Honshu; rather rare. Korea, Manchuria, n. China, Kamchatka, Siberia, and e. Europe.

f. albiflorum (Makino) Ohwi. Flowers white; rare.
f. rebunense (Kudo) Ohwi. Flowers pale yellow; rare.

Russia Flora: Plants up to 45 cm tall. Rhizome shortened, thick, with mass of roots. Shoot bases with brownish sheaths. Stem erect, with 3-5 alternate leaves, glandular-pubescent. Leaves oval or broadly elliptical, pointed, up to 18 cm long and 11 cm wide, with sparse hairs on veins and margins. Flower 1(2), purple, pink, rarely whitish, with leaf-like elliptical bract up to 10 cm long. Upper segment of outer perianth whorl 4-6 cm long and about 3 cm wide, broadly oval or broadly ovate, pointed, considerably overhanging the lip; lower segment 4-6 cm long and 1.5-2 cm wide, formed by 2 fused lateral segments and bifid at tip. Lateral segments of inner perianth whorl up to 6 cm long and 2 cm wide, ovate-lanceolate. Lip up to 7 cm long, strongly inflated, outer surface slightly wrinkled. Ovary almost sessile, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Capsule up to 4.5 cm long and 1 cm wide, glabrous, rarely with short hairs on veins. 2n = 20 (Sokolovskaya, 1966).

Aldan, Kamchatka, North Sakhalin, North Kurils, Lower Zeya, Bureya, Ussuri, South Sakhalin, South Kurils. - Sparse deciduous and mixed forests, clearings, edges, openings, burnt areas, often in large groups; in the south up to subalpine belt. VI-IX. Protected, ornamental. - General distribution: European part, West and East Siberia; Mongolia, Japan-China. - Described from Europe.

Note. Besides the typical subspecies with lip longer than other perianth segments, subsp. ventricosum (Sw.) Soo occurs, with lighter lip shorter than lateral segments of inner perianth whorl and narrower upper segment of outer perianth whorl, 2n = 20 (Probatova, Sokolovskaya, 1984).