Flora of China

China Flora: Shrubs to 6 m tall, usually with creeping branches to 10 m; bark gray-brown, flaking; branchlets initially brown, dark red-brown in 2nd or 3rd year, densely pubescent; winter buds red-brown, conical-ovoid, slightly resinous. Needles 5 per bundle, trapeziform in cross section, 4-6(-8.3) cm × ca. 1 mm, stiff, vascular bundle 1, resin canals (1 or)2, marginal, base with sheath shed. Seed cones erect, maturing to pale purple- or red-brown, conical-ovoid or ovoid, 3-4.5 × 2.5-3 cm, indehiscent or imperfectly dehiscent at maturity. Seed scales broadly subrhombic or rhombic-obovate; apophyses broadly triangular, thick, swollen, margin slightly recurved; umbo purple-black, distinct, ending in a slightly recurved protuberance. Seeds dark brown, triangular-obovoid, 7-10 × 5-7 mm, wingless, abaxial margin ridged.

Mountains; 1000-2300 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol [Japan, Korea, N Mongolia, E Russia]

Ohwi 1985 Flora of Japan

Japan Flora: Shrub, 0.5-2 m. high; lateral and main branches long-creeping, young shoots brown-pubescent; leaves 5 in a fascicle, slightly incurved, 3-5(-7) cm. long, acute, triangular and obscurely serrulate on margin, deep green on back, glaucescent with 2 stomatal bands on inside; staminate aments dark purplish; pistillate 2 or 3 on upper part of branches, purplish; cones subsessile, ovoid or ovoid-globose, 3-5 cm. long, the scales rather numerous, broadly ovate; seeds wingless.

Alpine regions; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. distr. northw.). e. Siberia and Kamchatka.

Chang et al., 2010 Woody Flora

Korea Flora: Evergreen Shrub. 4-5 m highand diameter 15cm. straight up, but on mountains long creeping. bark dark brown. young branches reddish-brown and hairy. leaves 5 in a fascicle, with 3 main veins and 3-4 rows of stomata on both sides, 3-6cm x 1mm, edges indistinct teeth, and resin canal to the leaf epidermis. Dioecious, with oval-shaped female cones purple and attached to the tips of branches, and male cones elliptical, 1cm long and 10 groups. Cone green to yellowish-brown, 3-4.5cm x 3cm and composed of 20 or so. seeds 8-10mm long and nearly wingless.

 

2n= 24

Pollination June to July,

Seed muturity September of the following year.

Distribution: northern Northeast Asia, including subalpine region north of Seoraksan (Gangwon Province)