Russia Flora: Plant up to 40 cm tall. Root thick, repeatedly branching, covered with large scales. Shoots erect, unbranched, glabrous, with 2 (3) alternate leaves in upper part. Leaf blade (4) 7-10 cm long, with (3) 5-(7) oblong-oval or oblong-rhombic doubly serrate segments along margin. Flowers 1 (2), (15) 25-40 (53) mm in diameter. Petals yellow, rounded-obovate. Fruit an erect unilocular silique-like capsule 3-6 cm long, with rather long (5-10 mm) style at apex. Stigma small, bilobed. Seeds 2 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, with long narrow appendage attached along entire length to one side. 2n=24 (Probatova, Sokolovskaya, 1984a). (Table VI).

Distribution: Lower Zeya, Bureya, Ussuri (Fig. 15). - In shady Korean pine-broadleaved forests, especially frequent and abundant in river valleys. May-June.

General distribution: Japanese-Chinese. - Described from Khabarovsk: "At Tottj'cho, May 26, 1856 (flowering, v. Ditmar); at Kourmi, frequent in deciduous forests, May 12 (not yet flowering); around Myllki, in hazel thickets, gregarious and frequent, May 16, 1855 (flowering). By end of June seeds already fallen."

Note: Apparently, the indication in "Flora of the USSR" of Leningrad as the storage location for the type of H. vernalis is erroneous, as the type is absent from the Herbarium of the Botanical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences.