Japan Flora: Tree with pubescent and glandular-pilose young branchlets; leaves rather thin, narrowly ovate or ovate-oblong, 7- 12 cm. long, S-5 cm. wide, acuminate to very acute with irregular awn-tipped teeth, pubescent and glandular-pilose on both sides or becoming glabrate except on nerves beneath, the and glandular-pilose; fruiting amen技 narrowly ovoid, nodding, pedunculate, the scales ovate-elliptic, 13-17 mm. long, entire, acute, short-pubescent, connate and clasping the nut below; nuts oblong-ovate, 5-6 mm. long, glabrous or with short hairs above. May-June.

Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea and China.

Korea Flora: Deciduous tree. Height 20m. Diameter 70cm. Bark brown or grayish-brown. Winter buds and branchlets: Ovoid or orbicular, rounded tip with 6-10 scales, terminal and lateral buds similar in size (2-5mm). Branches reddish-brown, young branches with dense hairs or glandular hairs. Leaf scars semi-lunar or kidney-shaped. Leaves alternate, ovate or ovate-elliptical, 5-10(12)cm × 3-4.5cm, long acuminate apex, broadly cuneate or rounded base. Deep double serration developed. 8-17 pairs of lateral veins, erect fine hairs on both surfaces, petiole 10-15mm long with abundant white and glandular hairs. Flowers monoecious, male catkins sessile at previous year's branch tips, 3cm long, male flowers within bracts with numerous stamens. Female catkins upright at new branch tips, two female flowers per bract, each with 2 stigmas. Fruit and Seeds: Fruiting catkins elongated-elliptical, 4-5cm long, slightly pendulous. Bracts 10-18mm long, without teeth, elliptic-ovoid, fine hairs near base, base sac-like enclosing the small nut. Small nut elongated-ovoid, 5-6mm long, glabrous at top with persistent style.

Sporophyte chromosome number 16.
Flowering period: Mid-July
Fruiting period: Late August to October
Distribution: Inland China and throughout Japan; Jeju Island, Jeollanam-do, and Gyeongsangnam-do

Ecological characteristics: Light-demanding but strongly shade-tolerant when young. Relatively slow-growing and thrives in moist, fertile deep soils. Grows better in gentle terrain rather than steep slopes.