Japan Flora: Stems 50-100 cm. long, slender, mealy- puberulent in upper portion, narrowly winged; radical and lower cauline leaves long-petiolate, narrowly to broadly ovate, 9-18 cm. long, acuminate, mucronate, cordate at base, obso- Ictely mucronate-toothed, mealy-puberulent above and on vein- lets beneath, the median leaves shallowly cordate to cuneate at base, narrowly decurrent, the upper leaves much reduced; heads 7-15, campanulate, short-pedicellate; involucres tubular, 10-14 mm. long, 7-14 mm. wide; bracts 5-seriate, densely gray-pubcrulent on back, the outer about % as long as the in­ner, lanceolate to ovate, acute, shortly recurved at tip, the inner linear, acuminate; corollas purplish, 10-13 mni. long.  Aug.-Oct. Woods in mountains.

Honshu (Kinki Distr.), Shikoku. Very variable.

var. kiushiana (Franch.) Ohwi. Stems stout; leaves broader, thicker, broadly ovate to subreni- form, usually broadly decurrent on the stem; involucres 13니7 mm. long.  Kyushu.

var. kurosawae (Kitam.) Ohwi. Stems broadly winged; leaves thinner; involucres about 10 mm. long; outer involucral bracts broadly ovate, the median elliptic. Honshu (Suruga Prov.).

var. muramatsui (Kitam.) Ohwi. Lower leaves cordate, the petioles often broadly winged; heads erect, densely corymbose, terminal on the branches; outer and median involucral bracts linear-lanceolate, prominently recurved. Honshu (n. distr., Japan Sea side).

var. holcurokuensis (Kitam.) Ohwi. Involucres glabrous on upper portion, the bracts rather shorter; petioles and stems prominently winged. Honshu (Hokuriku or fapan Sea side).

var. robusta (Makino) Ohwi.  Stems stout, with wings often to 2 cm. wide; petioles often winged; involucres 15-16 mm. long, the bracts larger, the outer broadly ovate, the median elliptic，long recurved-dpped. High mountains; Shikoku.

var. sendaica (Franch.) Ohwi. Radical leaves broadly ovate or deltoid-ovate, 10-16 cm. long, loosely pubescent on upper side; involucres 15-18 mm. long, cobwebby, the bracts 7- or 8-seriate, recurved on upper half, the outer shorter than the median. Honshu (Kanto and n. distr.).

var. savatieri (Franch.) Ohwi. Stems slender; involucral bracts narrower, long-acuminate. Honshu (Kanto Distr. and ne. Shinano Prov.).

var. glabrescens (Nakai) Kitam. Me­dian leaves ovate, undulately lobulate or lobed; heads 1-3, terminal; involucres cobwebby. Honshu (Hakone).